Stroke
DESTINY – Jüttler E et al. ‘Decompressive Surgery for the Treatment of Malignant Infarction of the Middle Cerebral Artery (DESTINY): A Randomized, Controlled Trial’. Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation 38, no. 9 (September 2007): 2518–2525. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.485649.
Vahedi K et al. ‘Early Decompressive Surgery in Malignant Infarction of the Middle Cerebral Artery: A Pooled Analysis of Three Randomised Controlled Trials’.Lancet Neurology 6, no. 3 (March 2007): 215–222. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(07)70036-4.
DECIMAL – Vahedi K et al. ‘Sequential-Design, Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Trial of Early Decompressive Craniectomy in Malignant Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction (DECIMAL Trial)’.Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation 38, no. 9 (September 2007): 2506–2517. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.485235.
INTERACT – Anderson CS et al. Intensive blood pressure reduction in acute cerebral haemorrhage trial (INTERACT): a randomised pilot trial. Lancet Neurol. 2008 May;7(5):391-9. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70069-3.
HAMLET – Hofmeijer J et al. ‘Surgical Decompression for Space-Occupying Cerebral Infarction (the Hemicraniectomy After Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction with Life-Threatening Edema Trial [HAMLET]): A Multicentre, Open, Randomised Trial’. Lancet Neurology 8, no. 4 (April 2009): 326–333. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70047-X.
ECASS III – Hacke W et al. ‘Thrombolysis with Alteplase 3 to 4.5 Hours after Acute Ischemic Stroke’. The New England Journal of Medicine 359, no. 13 (25 September 2008): 1317–1329. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0804656.
ATACH – Quereshi et al. Antihypertensive treatment of acute cerebral haemorrhage. Crit Care Med. 2010 Feb;38(2):637-48. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181b9e1a5.
Staykov, D., and R. Gupta. ‘Hemicraniectomy in Malignant Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction’. Stroke 42, no. 2 (January 2011): 513–516. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.605642.
Jüttler E et al. Hemicraniectomy in older patients with extensive middle-cerebral-artery stroke. N Engl J Med. 2014 Mar 20;370(12):1091–100.
INTERACT II – Qureshi AI et al. Interpretation and Implementation of Intensive Blood Pressure Reduction in Acute CerebralHemorrhage Trial (INTERACT II). J Vasc Interv Neurol. 2014 Jun;7(2):34-40.
Berkhemer OA et al. A randomized trial of intraarterial treatment for acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med. 2015 Jan;372(1):11–20.
DESTINY 2 – Jüttler E et al. Hemicraniectomy in older patients with extensive middle-cerebral-artery stroke.
PATCH – Baharoglu MI et al. Platelet transfusion versus standard care after acute stroke due to spontaneous cerebral haemorrhage associated with antiplatelet therapy (PATCH): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2016 Jun 25;387(10038):2605–13.Wessex Bottom line review
Delirium
Aldemir M et al. ‘Predisposing Factors for Delirium in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit’. Critical Care 5, no. 5 (2001): 265.
Ely WE et al. ‘Delirium as a Predictor of Mortality in Mechanically Ventilated Patients in the Intensive Care Unit’. Jama 291, no. 14 (2004): 1753–1762.
Micek S et al. ‘Delirium as Detected by the CAM-ICU Predicts Restraint Use among Mechanically Ventilated Medical Patients*:’ Critical Care Medicine 33, no. 6 (June 2005): 1260–1265. doi:10.1097/01.CCM.0000164540.58515.BF.
Pandharipande PP et al. ‘Delirium: Acute Cognitive Dysfunction in the Critically Ill’. Current Opinion in Critical Care 11, no. 4 (2005): 360–368.
Pandharipande PP et al. ‘Lorazepam Is an Independent Risk Factor for Transitioning to Delirium in Intensive Care Unit Patients’.
Anesthesiology 104, no. 1 (2006): 21.
MENDS – Pandharipande PP et al. ‘Effect of Sedation with Dexmedetomidine vs Lorazepam on Acute Brain Dysfunction in Mechanically Ventilated Patients: The MENDS Randomized Controlled Trial’. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 298, no. 22 (12 December 2007): 2644–2653. doi:10.1001/jama.298.22.2644.
Pisani ME et al. ‘Benzodiazepine and Opioid Use and the Duration of Intensive Care Unit Delirium in an Older Population*:’ Critical Care Medicine 37, no. 1 (January 2009): 177–183. doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e318192fcf9.
Morandi A et al. ‘Sedation, Delirium and Mechanical Ventilation: The “ABCDE” Approach:’ Current Opinion in Critical Care 17, no. 1 (February 2011): 43–49. doi:10.1097/MCC.0b013e3283427243.
SLEAP – Mehta S et al. ‘Daily Sedation Interruption in Mechanically Ventilated Critically Ill Patients Cared for with a Sedation Protocol: A Randomized Controlled Trial’. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 308, no. 19 (21 November 2012): 1985–1992.
Pandharipande PP et al. ‘Long-Term Cognitive Impairment after Critical Illness’. The New England Journal of Medicine 369, no. 14 (3 October 2013): 1306–1316. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1301372.
Patel SB et al. ‘Rapidly Reversible, Sedation-Related Delirium versus Persistent Delirium in the ICU’. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (14 January 2014). doi:10.1164/rccm.201310-1815OC.
Morandi A et al. Statins and delirium during critical illness: a multicenter, prospective cohort study*. Crit Care Med. 2014 Aug;42(8):1899–909.
Page VJ et al. Effect of intravenous haloperidol on the duration of delirium and coma in critically ill patients (Hope-ICU): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2013 Sep;1(7):515–23.
Chen K et al. Alpha-agonists for long-term sedation during mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Jan 6;1:CD010269. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010269.pub2.
Salluh JI et al. Outcome of delirium in critically ill patients: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2015 Jun 3;350:h2538. doi: 10.1136/bmj.h2538.
REDUCE Van Den Boogard et al. Effect of Haloperidol on Survival Among Critically Ill Adults With a High Risk of Delirium: The REDUCE Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Feb 2018
MIND-USA Girard et al. Haloperidol and Zisprasidone for treatment of delirium in critical illness. NEJM December 2018
Sedation
Kress et al. ‘Daily Interruption of Sedative Infusions in Critically Ill Patients Undergoing Mechanical Ventilation’. The New England Journal of Medicine 342, no. 20 (18 May 2000): 1471–1477. doi:10.1056/NEJM200005183422002.
MENDS – Pandharipande PP et al. ‘Effect of Sedation with Dexmedetomidine vs Lorazepam on Acute Brain Dysfunction in Mechanically Ventilated Patients: The MENDS Randomized Controlled Trial’. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 298, no. 22 (12 December 2007): 2644–2653. doi:10.1001/jama.298.22.2644.
ABC – Girard TD et al. ‘Efficacy and Safety of a Paired Sedation and Ventilator Weaning Protocol for Mechanically Ventilated Patients in Intensive Care (Awakening and Breathing Controlled Trial): A Randomised Controlled Trial’. Lancet 371, no. 9607 (12 January 2008): 126–134. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60105-1.
KETASED – Jabre P et al. Etomidate versus ketamine for rapid sequence intubation in acutely ill patients: a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2009 Jul 25;374(9686):293–300.WessexICS BL review
Strøm T et al. A protocol of no sedation for critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation: a randomised trial. Lancet. 2010 Feb 6;375(9713):475–80.
Augustes R and Ho KM. ‘Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials on Daily Sedation Interruption for Critically Ill Adult Patients’. Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 39, no. 3 (May 2011): 401–409.
MIDEX/PRODEX – Jakob SM et al. ‘Dexmedetomidine vs Midazolam or Propofol for Sedation during Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation: Two Randomized Controlled Trials’. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 307, no. 11 (21 March 2012): 1151–1160. doi:10.1001/jama.2012.304.
SLEAP – Mehta S et al. ‘Daily Sedation Interruption in Mechanically Ventilated Critically Ill Patients Cared for with a Sedation Protocol: A Randomized Controlled Trial’. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 308, no. 19 (21 November 2012): 1985–1992.
Shehabi Y et al. ‘Early Intensive Care Sedation Predicts Long-Term Mortality in Ventilated Critically Ill Patients’. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 186, no. 8 (15 October 2012): 724–731. doi:10.1164/rccm.201203-0522OC.
Traumatic brain injury
Bulger EM et al. ‘Out-of-Hospital Hypertonic Resuscitation Following Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Randomized Controlled Trial’. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 304, no. 13 (6 October 2010): 1455–1464. doi:10.1001/jama.2010.1405.
BEST:TRIP – Chesnut R et al. ‘A Trial of Intracranial-Pressure Monitoring in Traumatic Brain Injury’. The New England Journal of Medicine 367, no. 26 (27 December 2012): 2471–2481. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1207363
DECRA – Cooper JD et al. ‘Decompressive Craniectomy in Diffuse Traumatic Brain Injury’. The New England Journal of Medicine 364, no. 16 (21 April 2011): 1493–1502. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1102077.
RESCUE-ICP (underway) Hutchinson PJ et al. Decompressive craniectomy in traumatic brain injury: the randomized multicenter RESCUEicp study (www.RESCUEicp.com). Acta Neurochir Suppl. 2006;96:17-20.
Subarachnoid haemorrhage
Pickard JD et al. Effect of oral nimodipine on cerebral infarction and outcome after subarachnoid haemorrhage: British aneurysm nimodipine trial. BMJ. 1989 Mar 11;298(6674):636–42.
ISAT – Molyneux A et al. International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial (ISAT) of neurosurgical clipping versus endovascular coiling in 2143 patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms: a randomised trial. Lancet. 2002 Oct 26;360(9342):1267–74.
Van der Schaaf I et al. Endovascular coiling versus neurosurgical clipping for patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005;(4):CD003085.
MASH – Van den Bergh WM et al. Magnesium sulfate in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a randomized controlled trial. Stroke. 2005 May;36(5):1011–5.
ISAT update – Sellar R & ISAT Collaborative Group. ISAT: The International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trail. Lessons and Update. Interv Neuroradiol. 2008 Sep 1;14 Suppl 1:50–1.
IMASH – Wong GKC et al. Intravenous magnesium sulphate for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (IMASH): a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, multicenter phase III trial. Stroke. 2010 May;41(5):921–6.
MASH – 2 – Dorhout Mees SM et al. Magnesium for aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (MASH-2): a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2012 Jul 7;380(9836):44–9.
INTERACT2 – Anderson CS et al. Rapid blood-pressure lowering in patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage. N Engl J Med. 2013 Jun 20;368(25):2355–65.
Reddy D et al. Prophylactic Magnesium Sulfate for Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Neurocrit Care. 2014 Mar 12;
ATACH-2 Qureshi AI et al. Intensive Blood-Pressure Lowering in Patients with Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage. New England Journal of Medicine [Internet]. 2016 Jun 8 http://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1603460
Outcome prediction post arrest
Fugate JE et al. The FOUR score predicts outcome in patients after cardiac arrest. Neurocrit Care. 2010 Oct;13(2):205–10.
Golan E et al. Predicting Neurologic Outcome After Targeted Temperature Management for Cardiac Arrest: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Crit Care Med. 2014 Apr 8;
Oddo M and Rossetti AO. Early multimodal outcome prediction after cardiac arrest in patients treated with hypothermia. Crit Care Med. 2014 Jun;42(6):1340–7.
Guillain-Barre syndrome
PES-BGS trials group ‘Randomised Trial of Plasma Exchange, Intravenous Immunoglobulin, and Combined Treatments in Guillain-Barré Syndrome. Plasma Exchange/Sandoglobulin Guillain-Barré Syndrome Trial Group’. Lancet 349, no. 9047 (25 January 1997): 225–230.
Psychological sequelae
ARDSNET follow-up – Mikkelsen ME et al. The adult respiratory distress syndrome cognitive outcomes study: long-term neuropsychological function in survivors of acute lung injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012 Jun 15;185(12):1307–15.
BRAIN-ICU – Pandharipande PP et al. ‘Long-Term Cognitive Impairment after Critical Illness’. The New England Journal of Medicine 369, no. 14 (3 October 2013): 1306–1316. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1301372.
Sleep
Matthews EE. Sleep disturbances and fatigue in critically ill patients. AACN Adv Crit Care. 2011 Sep;22(3):204–24.
Hu R et al. Cochrane review Non-drug treatments promoting sleep in the ICU Cochrane reviews 6th October 2015